Relationship dossier
Belgium
Luxembourg
Relationship assessment
Belgium and Luxembourg sustain a close partnership through bilateral economic integration and Benelux cooperation.
Belgium toward Luxembourg
+75Belgium participates with Luxembourg in the Belgian-Luxembourg Economic Union, a durable framework for economic coordination, and in Benelux institutions that support cooperation between the two governments.
Luxembourg toward Belgium
+75Luxembourg participates with Belgium in the Belgian-Luxembourg Economic Union, a durable framework for economic coordination, and in Benelux institutions that support cooperation between the two governments.
Overall relationship
+75The relationship is underpinned by durable bilateral economic integration and institutionalized Benelux cooperation. These arrangements support sustained coordination and give the partnership a deeper structure than diplomatic ties or broad shared memberships alone.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Belgium and Luxembourg maintain a close, durable partnership built on bilateral economic integration and Benelux cooperation. The Belgian-Luxembourg Economic Union and shared Benelux institutions provide concrete frameworks for sustained economic and governmental coordination. Their cooperation is also reinforced by participation in wider European arrangements, though the bilateral and Benelux structures are the clearest evidence of their close relationship.
Key developments
Belgium and Luxembourg signed the convention establishing the Belgian-Luxembourg Economic Union.
Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands signed the treaty establishing the Benelux Economic Union.
Major uncertainties
- The current scope and practical implementation of bilateral economic coordination are unclear.
- The extent of recent government-to-government cooperation outside established economic and Benelux frameworks is unclear.