Relationship dossier
Brazil
Italy
Relationship assessment
A broad partnership, marked by cooperation and a high-profile extradition dispute
Brazil toward Italy
+25Brazil established a strategic partnership with Italy and has cooperated with Italy on bilateral matters. The Battisti case was a major source of friction: Brazil granted him refuge in 2009, then extradited him to Italy in 2019.
Italy toward Brazil
+30Italy has pursued bilateral cooperation with Brazil through the strategic partnership and sought the return of Cesare Battisti, whose presence in Brazil became a major bilateral dispute before his extradition to Italy in 2019.
Overall relationship
+30The relationship combines a formal strategic partnership and sustained bilateral cooperation with a significant dispute over Cesare Battisti’s refuge in Brazil and eventual extradition to Italy. The cooperation is substantial, but the dispute and uncertainty about the depth of current implementation temper the overall assessment.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Brazil and Italy maintain a substantial bilateral relationship, including a strategic partnership and cooperation across several areas. Relations have also faced a prominent dispute over Cesare Battisti, whom Brazil extradited to Italy in 2019 after years of controversy over Italy’s request for his return.
Areas of tension
- The dispute over Cesare Battisti’s refuge in Brazil and Italy’s requests for his return.
Key developments
Brazil and Italy established a strategic partnership.
Brazil extradited Cesare Battisti to Italy after the long-running dispute over his return.
Major uncertainties
- The current scope and implementation of bilateral cooperation agreements are unclear.