Relationship dossier
Bulgaria
Spain
Relationship assessment
Bulgaria and Spain maintain a cooperative relationship under a bilateral friendship and cooperation framework.
Bulgaria toward Spain
+20Bulgaria joined Spain in establishing a treaty-based framework for friendship and cooperation in 1993. The extent of subsequent Bulgarian government initiatives under that framework is unclear.
Spain toward Bulgaria
+20Spain joined Bulgaria in establishing a treaty-based framework for friendship and cooperation in 1993. The extent of subsequent Spanish government initiatives under that framework is unclear.
Overall relationship
+20The enduring bilateral structure includes a 1993 treaty of friendship and cooperation, supporting a cooperative relationship. The scope and practical results of cooperation under the treaty are unclear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Bulgaria and Spain have a cooperative bilateral framework, including a 1993 treaty of friendship and cooperation. Their governments also work within shared European and transatlantic institutions, although those broader memberships do not by themselves establish the depth of bilateral cooperation.
Key developments
Bulgaria and Spain signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and implementation of bilateral cooperation under the 1993 treaty are unclear.