Relationship dossier
Bulgaria
Venezuela
Relationship assessment
Bulgaria’s EU-aligned policy during Venezuela’s political crisis created political friction; direct bilateral cooperation is less clear.
Bulgaria toward Venezuela
-15Bulgaria aligned with EU measures concerning Venezuela and with the EU position recognizing Juan Guaidó as interim president during the 2019 presidential crisis, placing Bulgarian policy at odds with Nicolás Maduro’s government.
Venezuela toward Bulgaria
Not assessedOverall relationship
Not assessedHow to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Bulgaria’s policy toward Venezuela has reflected EU measures and the EU position during the 2019 presidential crisis, including recognition of Juan Guaidó as interim president. These actions indicate political friction with the Maduro government. Specific Venezuelan government conduct toward Bulgaria and the breadth of direct bilateral cooperation are unclear.
Areas of tension
- Disagreement over Venezuela’s political leadership and the EU’s sanctions policy.
Key developments
Bulgaria aligned with the EU position recognizing Juan Guaidó as interim president during Venezuela’s presidential crisis.
Major uncertainties
- The extent of direct Bulgarian-Venezuelan cooperation beyond shared EU policy is unclear.
- Specific Venezuelan government actions toward Bulgaria are unclear.