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Relationship dossier

Canada Iceland

Relationship assessment

Cooperation through NATO, Arctic forums, and a shared trade agreement

Canada toward Iceland

+45

Canada contributed to NATO air policing in Iceland, providing a concrete security contribution. Canada also participates with Iceland in Arctic cooperation and applies the Canada–EFTA Free Trade Agreement to trade with Iceland.

Iceland toward Canada

+45

Iceland hosted NATO air-policing activity involving Canada and cooperates with Canada through Arctic regional forums. Iceland is also covered by the Canada–EFTA Free Trade Agreement.

Overall relationship

+45

The relationship is underpinned by NATO security cooperation, participation in Arctic regional forums, and a trade agreement framework. These durable arrangements support a substantially cooperative bilateral relationship, although the depth of direct cooperation beyond these frameworks is less clear.

How to read these scores

Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.

−100
Extreme sustained hostility
−50
Substantially adversarial
0
Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
+50
Substantially cooperative
+100
Exceptionally close sustained partnership

“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.

Relationship context

Knowledge coverageLimited

Overview

Canada and Iceland have a cooperative relationship supported by NATO security cooperation, Arctic collaboration, and trade arrangements. Canada contributed to NATO air policing in Iceland, while the two countries participate in regional Arctic cooperation. The Canada–EFTA Free Trade Agreement, which includes Iceland, has provided a framework for trade relations since 2009.

Key developments

Major uncertainties

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