Relationship dossier
People's Republic of China
Luxembourg
Relationship assessment
Practical cooperation, including Luxembourg’s participation in China’s Belt and Road Initiative
People's Republic of China toward Luxembourg
+35China signed a 2019 memorandum with Luxembourg on cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative, providing a framework for bilateral cooperation.
Luxembourg toward People's Republic of China
+35Luxembourg signed a 2019 memorandum on cooperation with China under the Belt and Road Initiative and became a founding member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
Overall relationship
+35The relationship includes practical cooperation through Luxembourg’s participation in China’s Belt and Road Initiative and its founding membership in the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. These initiatives support a cooperative bilateral structure, though their implementation and broader scope are unclear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
China and Luxembourg have pursued practical cooperation, notably through a 2019 memorandum on cooperation under China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Luxembourg also became a founding member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. These initiatives indicate a cooperative bilateral relationship, although their scope and implementation are not fully clear.
Key developments
China and Luxembourg signed a memorandum on cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.
Luxembourg became a founding member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and implementation of the 2019 Belt and Road cooperation memorandum are unclear.
- The extent of sustained government-to-government cooperation beyond financial and infrastructure initiatives is uncertain.