Relationship dossier
People's Republic of China
Poland
Relationship assessment
Economic cooperation under a strategic partnership, alongside growing security-related caution in Poland
People's Republic of China toward Poland
+20China has pursued closer political and economic ties with Poland through the comprehensive strategic partnership and the China–Central and Eastern European Countries cooperation framework. Beijing has also promoted Belt and Road cooperation with Poland.
Poland toward People's Republic of China
+10Poland has participated in the China–Central and Eastern European Countries framework and joined Belt and Road cooperation. In 2019, Poland signed a joint declaration with the United States addressing security risks in 5G networks, reflecting caution toward Chinese technology providers.
Overall relationship
+10The relationship combines sustained diplomatic and economic engagement with increasing security-related reservations. The partnership and multilateral cooperation frameworks provide a basis for ties, while Poland’s NATO and EU orientation and scrutiny of Chinese technology constrain the depth of alignment.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
China and Poland have pursued economic and political cooperation through a comprehensive strategic partnership and the China–Central and Eastern European Countries framework. Poland has also participated in China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Cooperation coexists with Polish security concerns about Chinese technology and close Polish coordination with the United States and the European Union on China-related issues.
Areas of tension
- Polish security concerns about Chinese technology providers in 5G networks
- Differences over the security implications of Chinese investment and influence
Key developments
China and Poland elevated their relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership.
Poland signed a joint declaration with the United States addressing security risks in 5G networks.
Major uncertainties
- The scale and implementation of bilateral economic cooperation are unclear.
- The extent of recent changes in Polish policy toward Chinese investment and technology is uncertain.