Relationship dossier
Estonia
Luxembourg
Relationship assessment
Cooperative European Union and NATO partners with a bilateral tax treaty
Estonia toward Luxembourg
+20Estonia participates in European Union and NATO cooperation with Luxembourg and has a bilateral agreement with Luxembourg to prevent double taxation.
Luxembourg toward Estonia
+20Luxembourg participates in European Union and NATO cooperation with Estonia and has a bilateral agreement with Estonia to prevent double taxation.
Overall relationship
+25The relationship is embedded in shared European Union and NATO cooperation and includes a bilateral tax treaty. These are durable cooperative structures, while the extent of additional direct bilateral activity is unclear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Estonia and Luxembourg cooperate within the European Union and NATO, and their governments have a bilateral agreement to prevent double taxation. These arrangements support a cooperative relationship, although the scope of other direct government cooperation is unclear.
Key developments
A bilateral agreement between Estonia and Luxembourg to prevent double taxation entered into force.
Major uncertainties
- The scope of bilateral cooperation beyond European Union and NATO coordination and the tax treaty is unclear.
- Details of the treaty's implementation and recent bilateral government activity are limited.