Relationship dossier
Eswatini
India
Relationship assessment
Practical cooperation in development and sectoral agreements
Eswatini toward India
+30Eswatini’s government has engaged India through bilateral cooperation agreements, including accords concluded during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s 2018 visit, in areas such as health, agriculture and water resources.
India toward Eswatini
+30India’s government has supported development cooperation with Eswatini through concessional financing and agreements in areas including health, agriculture and water resources. Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Eswatini in 2018.
Overall relationship
+30The relationship features practical development cooperation and bilateral agreements in several sectors, reinforced by a high-level Indian visit in 2018. Available examples point to constructive ties, while the scale and durability of cooperation are less clear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Eswatini and India have pursued practical bilateral cooperation, including agreements in areas such as health, agriculture and water resources during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s 2018 visit to Eswatini. India has also provided development assistance and concessional financing. These initiatives indicate moderate cooperation, though the breadth and implementation of bilateral programs are unclear.
Key developments
Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Eswatini, during which the two governments concluded cooperation agreements in areas including health, agriculture and water resources.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and implementation of bilateral cooperation agreements are unclear.
- Details of the scale and continuity of Indian development assistance to Eswatini are limited.