Relationship dossier
Greece
Italy
Relationship assessment
Greece and Italy maintain a close partnership, reinforced by maritime delimitation and a strategic partnership declaration.
Greece toward Italy
+65Greece signed a maritime delimitation agreement with Italy in 2020 and adopted a strategic partnership declaration with Italy in 2021, providing a framework for cooperation including in defense.
Italy toward Greece
+65Italy signed a maritime delimitation agreement with Greece in 2020 and adopted a strategic partnership declaration with Greece in 2021, providing a framework for cooperation including in defense.
Overall relationship
+65The relationship combines sustained cooperation through European and NATO frameworks with substantive bilateral arrangements, notably the 2020 maritime delimitation agreement and the 2021 strategic partnership declaration. These provide a durable basis for close ties, while the available bilateral initiatives do not indicate an exceptionally integrated alliance.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Greece and Italy maintain a close partnership shaped by European and NATO cooperation and reinforced by bilateral agreements. In 2020 they signed an agreement delimiting their maritime zones, and in 2021 they adopted a strategic partnership declaration covering defense and other areas. These arrangements support sustained cooperation, although the relationship does not amount to an exceptional or exclusive alliance.
Key developments
Greece and Italy signed an agreement delimiting their maritime zones.
Greece and Italy adopted a strategic partnership declaration covering cooperation including defense.
Major uncertainties
- The extent to which the 2021 strategic partnership has produced additional practical cooperation is unclear.
- The implementation and ongoing effects of bilateral defense cooperation are unclear.