Relationship dossier
India
Mongolia
Relationship assessment
India and Mongolia maintain a strategic partnership marked by defense cooperation and Indian development financing.
India toward Mongolia
+45India extended a $1 billion line of credit to support construction of a Mongolian oil refinery and has cooperated with Mongolia on defense, including joint military exercises.
Mongolia toward India
+40Mongolia has pursued a strategic partnership with India and participates in bilateral defense cooperation, including joint military exercises.
Overall relationship
+45The relationship combines a strategic partnership, recurring defense engagement, and Indian financing for a major Mongolian infrastructure project. These concrete forms of cooperation underpin generally close ties, while the relationship remains more limited in scope than an exceptionally close alliance.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
India and Mongolia maintain a strategic partnership with practical cooperation in defense and economic development. India extended a $1 billion line of credit for a Mongolian oil refinery, and the countries conduct joint military exercises. Mongolia has pursued close engagement with India as part of its broader effort to develop partnerships beyond its immediate region. The relationship is substantially cooperative, though its scope is narrower than that of India’s closest strategic partnerships.
Key developments
India and Mongolia elevated their relationship to a strategic partnership during Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Mongolia.
India extended a $1 billion line of credit for construction of a Mongolian oil refinery.
India and Mongolia conduct joint military exercises known as Nomadic Elephant.
Major uncertainties
- The extent to which the refinery credit has translated into lasting economic cooperation is unclear.
- The scale and continuity of defense cooperation beyond joint exercises are uncertain.