Relationship dossier
Indonesia
Singapore
Relationship assessment
Close pragmatic partnership supported by economic, defense and regional cooperation, with recurring bilateral sensitivities.
Indonesia toward Singapore
+45Indonesia has pursued defense and airspace agreements with Singapore and participates in bilateral cooperation on security and economic matters. Indonesian policy has also addressed Singapore's concerns over transboundary haze, though haze episodes have periodically strained relations.
Singapore toward Indonesia
+45Singapore has concluded defense cooperation and airspace arrangements with Indonesia and is a major investor in the Indonesian economy. Its government has raised concerns over transboundary haze originating in Indonesia, a recurring issue in bilateral relations.
Overall relationship
+45The relationship is anchored in extensive economic interdependence and sustained government cooperation, including defense and airspace arrangements. Periodic disputes over haze, extradition and airspace have caused friction, but have not displaced the broader pragmatic partnership.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Indonesia and Singapore maintain a close, pragmatic partnership combining substantial economic ties with defense and regional cooperation. Their governments have concluded agreements on defense cooperation and airspace management, and Singapore has invested heavily in Indonesia. Cooperation coexists with recurring sensitivities over airspace, extradition, and environmental haze.
Areas of tension
- Transboundary haze from Indonesian fires and forest burning
- Airspace management and military training arrangements
- Extradition and legal cooperation
Key developments
Indonesia and Singapore signed a package of agreements covering defense cooperation, extradition and airspace management.
The leaders of Indonesia and Singapore agreed to strengthen bilateral cooperation in areas including investment, health and digital connectivity.
Major uncertainties
- Implementation and practical effects of the defense and airspace agreements continue to evolve.
- The handling of recurring transboundary haze and related enforcement remains a source of uncertainty.