Relationship dossier
Israel
Jordan
Relationship assessment
A peace treaty and practical cooperation persist amid serious disputes over Palestinians, Jerusalem, and Gaza.
Israel toward Jordan
+25Israel maintains the 1994 peace treaty with Jordan and has cooperated on security and water arrangements. These ties coexist with recurring strain over Israeli policies toward Palestinians, Jerusalem's holy sites, and the war in Gaza.
Jordan toward Israel
+15Jordan maintains the 1994 peace treaty and security coordination with Israel, while cooperating on water arrangements. It has strongly criticized Israeli policies toward Palestinians and Jerusalem's holy sites and recalled its ambassador during the Gaza war.
Overall relationship
+15The relationship rests on a durable peace treaty, security coordination, and practical water cooperation. These arrangements have survived substantial political strain, but persistent disputes over Palestinians, Jerusalem, and Gaza limit the depth of the partnership.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Israel and Jordan maintain a formal peace treaty and longstanding security coordination, alongside practical cooperation including water arrangements. Relations remain strained by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, disputes concerning Jerusalem's holy sites, and Israeli military operations in Gaza. Jordan has publicly criticized Israeli policies and recalled its ambassador during the Gaza war, while retaining the treaty framework.
Areas of tension
- Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Israeli policies toward Palestinians
- Jordan's custodial role and Israeli actions concerning Jerusalem's holy sites
- Israeli military operations in Gaza and their regional consequences
Key developments
Israel and Jordan signed a peace treaty establishing formal peace and a framework for bilateral relations.
Jordan recalled its ambassador from Israel during the Gaza war, amid strong criticism of Israeli military operations.
Major uncertainties
- The current scope and implementation of security coordination are unclear.
- The practical implementation and durability of water arrangements are uncertain.