Relationship dossier
Italy
Spain
Relationship assessment
Italy and Spain maintain a close partnership anchored in European cooperation and a bilateral Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation.
Italy toward Spain
+70The Italian government has pursued structured bilateral cooperation with Spain, including through the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation and recurring high-level consultations. Italy also works with Spain on shared European policy and security matters.
Spain toward Italy
+70The Spanish government has pursued structured bilateral cooperation with Italy, including through the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation and recurring high-level consultations. Spain also works with Italy on shared European policy and security matters.
Overall relationship
+70A durable bilateral framework, recurring government-level engagement and cooperation within the European Union underpin a close relationship. The partnership spans political and economic affairs and includes security cooperation, while differences in national priorities remain possible.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Italy and Spain maintain a close partnership through European Union cooperation and recurring bilateral engagement. Their governments have formalized cooperation in a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation and have worked together on economic, political and security matters. Their partnership is substantial and durable, though national priorities can differ on European policy and migration.
Key developments
Italy and Spain signed a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, establishing a framework for closer bilateral coordination.
The two governments held recurring bilateral summits and consultations on political, economic and security cooperation.
Major uncertainties
- The extent to which bilateral treaty commitments have produced specific, lasting policy coordination is unclear.
- The scope and continuity of joint security and migration initiatives are uncertain.