Relationship dossier
Japan
Mongolia
Relationship assessment
A close partnership built on Japanese development assistance, infrastructure cooperation and an economic partnership agreement.
Japan toward Mongolia
+70Japan has provided substantial development assistance to Mongolia, including support for major infrastructure projects, and concluded an Economic Partnership Agreement with Mongolia that entered into force in 2016.
Mongolia toward Japan
+65Mongolia concluded an Economic Partnership Agreement with Japan, effective in 2016, establishing a framework for expanded bilateral trade and economic cooperation. The two governments also maintain a strategic partnership.
Overall relationship
+70The relationship has a durable cooperative structure, combining Japanese development assistance and infrastructure support with an economic partnership agreement and strategic cooperation. These substantial, continuing ties define the bilateral relationship.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Japan and Mongolia maintain a close partnership encompassing development assistance, economic ties and strategic cooperation. Japan has provided substantial assistance, including financing and support for major infrastructure, while the two governments established an Economic Partnership Agreement that entered into force in 2016. These sustained forms of cooperation support a positive assessment of the relationship.
Key developments
The Japan–Mongolia Economic Partnership Agreement entered into force.
Japan-financed Ulaanbaatar International Airport opened, a major infrastructure project supported through Japanese development assistance.
Major uncertainties
- The current scope and implementation of bilateral strategic cooperation are unclear.
- The extent of Mongolia's recent economic and infrastructure cooperation with Japan is uncertain.