Relationship dossier
Kazakhstan
Spain
Relationship assessment
Kazakhstan and Spain have a strategic partnership framework and transport-sector cooperation.
Kazakhstan toward Spain
+30Kazakhstan joined Spain in establishing a strategic partnership framework in 2009. Kazakhstan’s railway-sector engagement with Spanish manufacturer Talgo has also supported a concrete bilateral transport link.
Spain toward Kazakhstan
+30Spain joined Kazakhstan in establishing a strategic partnership framework in 2009. Spanish manufacturer Talgo’s involvement in Kazakhstan’s railway sector has provided a concrete channel of economic and transport cooperation.
Overall relationship
+30The 2009 strategic partnership framework and cooperation involving Talgo in Kazakhstan’s railway sector give the relationship a substantive cooperative foundation. Available details do not indicate the full breadth or continuity of cooperation across other areas.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Kazakhstan and Spain maintain a strategic partnership framework, formalized in a bilateral agreement signed in 2009, and have pursued cooperation in areas including transport. Kazakhstan’s railway-sector arrangements involving Spanish manufacturer Talgo provide a concrete economic link. The known relationship is cooperative, although its breadth and the implementation of the partnership framework are not fully clear.
Key developments
Kazakhstan and Spain signed a bilateral strategic partnership agreement.
Spanish manufacturer Talgo became involved in Kazakhstan’s railway sector.
Major uncertainties
- The current scope and implementation of the 2009 strategic partnership framework are unclear.
- The scale and continuity of bilateral cooperation beyond transport are uncertain.