Relationship dossier
Libya
Spain
Relationship assessment
Diplomatic and economic cooperation amid Libya’s political fragmentation
Libya toward Spain
+15Libyan authorities have engaged Spain through bilateral diplomatic and economic cooperation, including security and migration arrangements. Political fragmentation in Libya makes the continuity and implementation of these policies uncertain.
Spain toward Libya
+25Spain has supported the UN-led political process in Libya and participated in EU operations enforcing the arms embargo. Spanish officials have also pursued bilateral engagement on economic and security cooperation.
Overall relationship
+20The relationship combines bilateral diplomatic and economic engagement with Spain’s support for international efforts on Libya’s political process and arms embargo. Cooperation is constrained by Libya’s political fragmentation, and the implementation and durability of bilateral arrangements are uncertain.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Libya and Spain have pursued diplomatic and economic cooperation, including arrangements addressing security and migration. Spain has supported the UN-led political process in Libya and participated in EU efforts to enforce the arms embargo. Libya’s political fragmentation and the limited detail available about recent bilateral implementation make the scope and continuity of cooperation uncertain.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and implementation of bilateral security and migration arrangements are unclear.
- Libya’s divided political authorities complicate assessment of the continuity of government policy toward Spain.