Relationship dossier
Luxembourg
North Macedonia
Relationship assessment
Modest cooperation, including a bilateral tax treaty and engagement around EU accession
Luxembourg toward North Macedonia
+15Luxembourg has engaged with North Macedonia through the bilateral tax treaty and, as an EU member, in the EU accession process involving North Macedonia. The scope of direct bilateral cooperation is unclear.
North Macedonia toward Luxembourg
+15North Macedonia has engaged with Luxembourg through the bilateral tax treaty and its EU accession process, in which Luxembourg participates as an EU member. The scope of direct bilateral cooperation is unclear.
Overall relationship
+15The relationship includes a concrete bilateral tax arrangement and a shared institutional connection through North Macedonia’s EU accession process. These provide a basis for modest cooperation, though the breadth of direct bilateral engagement is unclear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Luxembourg and North Macedonia have a modest cooperative relationship, including a bilateral tax treaty and North Macedonia’s engagement with Luxembourg as an EU member during its accession process. The scope of additional bilateral cooperation is unclear.
Key developments
Luxembourg and North Macedonia concluded a bilateral agreement on the avoidance of double taxation.
Major uncertainties
- The extent and implementation of bilateral cooperation beyond tax matters are unclear.
- The details of Luxembourg’s bilateral support for North Macedonia’s EU accession are limited.