Relationship dossier
Luxembourg
Panama
Relationship assessment
Luxembourg–Panama ties include tax-information cooperation, while the broader bilateral relationship is less clear.
Luxembourg toward Panama
+15Luxembourg participates in bilateral tax-information cooperation with Panama, providing a concrete channel for government cooperation.
Panama toward Luxembourg
+15Panama participates in bilateral tax-information cooperation with Luxembourg, providing a concrete channel for government cooperation.
Overall relationship
+10The bilateral relationship includes practical cooperation on tax information, but its broader institutional scope and other areas of sustained government cooperation are unclear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Luxembourg and Panama have a bilateral tax-information cooperation arrangement, providing a concrete basis for practical government cooperation. The relationship appears centered on this technical area; broader bilateral cooperation and the arrangement’s scope are unclear.
Key developments
Luxembourg and Panama concluded a bilateral tax-information cooperation arrangement.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and implementation of bilateral tax-information cooperation are unclear.
- Details of cooperation between the two governments outside tax matters are limited.