Relationship dossier
Madagascar
Spain
Relationship assessment
Madagascar–Spain relations include an air transport agreement and Spanish assistance
Madagascar toward Spain
+15Madagascar entered into a bilateral air transport agreement with Spain, establishing a framework for air services between the countries.
Spain toward Madagascar
+15Spain has provided development and humanitarian assistance in Madagascar and entered into a bilateral air transport agreement with the Malagasy government.
Overall relationship
+15The relationship has a cooperative foundation in the bilateral air transport agreement and Spanish assistance to Madagascar. These arrangements indicate practical engagement, though their breadth and continuity are unclear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Madagascar and Spain have a bilateral air transport agreement, providing a concrete framework for cooperation. Spain has also provided development and humanitarian assistance in Madagascar. The relationship appears cooperative, although the scope and implementation of broader bilateral cooperation are unclear.
Key developments
Madagascar and Spain signed a bilateral air transport agreement.
Major uncertainties
- The extent and continuity of Spanish bilateral development and humanitarian assistance are unclear.
- The implementation and practical impact of the bilateral air transport agreement are unclear.