Relationship dossier
Malaysia
Spain
Relationship assessment
Malaysia and Spain have a cooperative relationship supported by a bilateral tax treaty.
Malaysia toward Spain
+20Malaysia participates in a bilateral treaty with Spain to avoid double taxation, establishing a framework for tax cooperation.
Spain toward Malaysia
+20Spain participates in a bilateral treaty with Malaysia to avoid double taxation, establishing a framework for tax cooperation.
Overall relationship
+20The bilateral relationship includes a concrete institutional framework for tax cooperation. Broader areas and the depth of sustained government collaboration are less clear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Malaysia and Spain maintain cooperative bilateral relations, including a bilateral agreement to avoid double taxation. The treaty provides a concrete framework for economic cooperation, though the scope of broader government collaboration is unclear.
Key developments
Malaysia and Spain concluded a bilateral agreement to avoid double taxation.
Major uncertainties
- The extent of implementation and use of the bilateral tax treaty is unclear.
- Details of broader Malaysian-Spanish government cooperation are limited.