Relationship dossier
Poland
Saudi Arabia
Relationship assessment
Practical energy and investment cooperation, supported by high-level political engagement
Poland toward Saudi Arabia
+35Poland has pursued practical cooperation with Saudi Arabia through high-level political engagement, including President Andrzej Duda’s 2016 visit, and agreements and discussions on cooperation in areas such as energy and investment. The extent of implementation across these areas is unclear.
Saudi Arabia toward Poland
+35Saudi Arabia has pursued closer economic and political engagement with Poland, including Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s 2022 visit and Saudi Aramco’s acquisition of a stake in the Gdańsk refinery. These steps strengthened energy and investment ties.
Overall relationship
+35The relationship combines high-level political engagement with concrete energy and investment links, including Saudi Aramco’s participation in the Gdańsk refinery. These features support a cooperative bilateral structure, while uncertainty about the breadth and implementation of cooperation counsels against characterizing it as a close, comprehensive partnership.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Poland and Saudi Arabia have developed practical cooperation, particularly in energy and investment, alongside high-level political contacts. Poland’s 2016 presidential visit to Saudi Arabia and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s 2022 visit to Poland accompanied agreements and cooperation discussions. Saudi Aramco’s acquisition of a stake in the Gdańsk refinery also deepened energy ties. The relationship appears cooperative, though its scope and implementation across sectors are not fully clear.
Key developments
Polish President Andrzej Duda visited Saudi Arabia, with bilateral cooperation discussed and agreements pursued.
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman visited Poland amid discussions and agreements on bilateral cooperation.
Saudi Aramco acquired a stake in the Gdańsk refinery as part of the restructuring of Poland’s Lotos and Orlen businesses.
Major uncertainties
- The implementation and lasting effects of agreements announced during high-level visits are unclear.
- The breadth of sustained government cooperation outside energy and investment is uncertain.