Relationship dossier
Saudi Arabia
Venezuela
Relationship assessment
Oil-policy coordination through OPEC and OPEC+ forms the clearest feature of Saudi-Venezuelan relations.
Saudi Arabia toward Venezuela
+15Saudi Arabia has coordinated oil-production policy with Venezuela through OPEC and OPEC+, including participation in collective production arrangements.
Venezuela toward Saudi Arabia
+15Venezuela has coordinated oil-production policy with Saudi Arabia through OPEC and OPEC+, including participation in collective production arrangements.
Overall relationship
+15The relationship has a concrete cooperative basis in shared oil-policy coordination through OPEC and OPEC+. The scope of direct bilateral ties beyond energy policy is less clear, so the overall relationship is best characterized as modestly cooperative.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Saudi Arabia and Venezuela have engaged through OPEC and OPEC+ oil-policy coordination, including participation in collective production arrangements. This provides a concrete basis for cooperation, though the breadth and durability of direct bilateral cooperation beyond energy policy are unclear.
Key developments
Saudi Arabia and Venezuela participated in the OPEC+ agreement on collective oil-production adjustments.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and implementation of direct bilateral agreements outside oil-policy coordination are unclear.
- The extent of continuing bilateral cooperation beyond multilateral energy forums is uncertain.