Relationship dossier
Turkey
Sudan
Relationship assessment
Economic and political cooperation expanded under al-Bashir, with the status of key arrangements uncertain after Sudan’s transition.
Turkey toward Sudan
+30Turkey pursued closer economic and political ties with Sudan, including signing cooperation agreements during President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s 2017 visit and supporting development and restoration projects in Suakin through Turkish institutions.
Sudan toward Turkey
+30Sudan under Omar al-Bashir entered strategic cooperation agreements with Turkey and invited Turkish involvement in Suakin’s development and restoration. The scope and continuation of these arrangements after Sudan’s 2019 political transition are unclear.
Overall relationship
+30The relationship combined high-level political engagement with concrete economic and development initiatives, particularly around the 2017 strategic cooperation framework and Suakin. Sudan’s political transition in 2019 altered the context for these arrangements, leaving their subsequent status uncertain.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Turkey and Sudan developed substantial economic and political cooperation under Omar al-Bashir, including a strategic cooperation framework and projects focused on trade, investment and Suakin. Sudan’s 2019 political transition changed the bilateral context, and the scope and implementation of earlier arrangements remain unclear.
Key developments
Turkey and Sudan signed a strategic cooperation agreement and multiple bilateral agreements during President Erdoğan’s visit to Sudan.
Sudan and Turkey agreed to cooperate on the restoration and development of Suakin, including Turkish-supported restoration work.
Major uncertainties
- The status and implementation of agreements made under Omar al-Bashir are unclear.
- The scope of Turkey’s economic and development cooperation with Sudan after Sudan’s 2019 political transition is unclear.