Relationship dossier
Vatican City
Mongolia
Relationship assessment
Diplomatic ties since 1992 and Pope Francis’s 2023 visit mark a cooperative but limited relationship.
Vatican City toward Mongolia
+35The Holy See established diplomatic relations with Mongolia in 1992. Pope Francis’s 2023 visit to Mongolia was a major instance of high-level engagement with the country.
Mongolia toward Vatican City
+35Mongolia maintained diplomatic relations with the Holy See and hosted Pope Francis during his 2023 visit, providing a prominent occasion for bilateral engagement.
Overall relationship
+35The relationship rests on diplomatic ties established in 1992 and has included high-level engagement through the 2023 papal visit. These features point to cooperation, though the scope of other bilateral arrangements and sustained government collaboration is unclear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
The Holy See and Mongolia have maintained diplomatic relations since 1992. The relationship includes high-level engagement, notably Pope Francis’s 2023 visit to Mongolia, which Mongolia’s government hosted. These contacts indicate substantive but relatively limited bilateral cooperation; the scope of other government-to-government arrangements is unclear.
Key developments
The Holy See and Mongolia established diplomatic relations.
Pope Francis visited Mongolia, where he was hosted by the Mongolian government.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and implementation of bilateral agreements beyond diplomatic relations are unclear.
- The extent of ongoing government cooperation outside high-level visits is unclear.