Ficha de relación
Panamá
Estados Unidos
Evaluación de la relación
Las explicaciones registradas están disponibles actualmente en inglés.
A close but historically complicated relationship shaped by the canal, trade, and U.S. intervention
Panamá hacia Estados Unidos
+35Panama participates in the bilateral canal framework established by the 1977 treaties and maintains trade and security cooperation with the United States. The two countries’ trade promotion agreement, in force since 2012, provides a durable basis for economic cooperation.
Estados Unidos hacia Panamá
+35The United States negotiated the 1977 treaties providing for Panama’s eventual control of the canal and completed the transfer in 1999. It also maintains trade and security ties with Panama, including through the trade promotion agreement in force since 2012. The 1989 U.S. invasion remains a major episode of hostility in the relationship.
Relación general
+35The relationship has durable cooperative foundations in the canal treaties, the transfer of canal control, and the bilateral trade agreement, alongside longstanding security ties. The 1989 U.S. invasion was a severe rupture and remains central to the relationship’s historical context. These features support a broadly cooperative but historically complicated assessment.
Cómo interpretar estas puntuaciones
Las puntuaciones son valoraciones aproximadas, no mediciones objetivas ni una verificación actual. Las puntuaciones direccionales describen políticas y actuaciones gubernamentales, no la opinión pública. La puntuación general es una estimación independiente, nunca un promedio.
- −100
- Hostilidad extrema y sostenida
- −50
- Considerablemente adversa
- 0
- Mixta o neutral, respaldada por información
- +50
- Considerablemente cooperativa
- +100
- Asociación excepcionalmente estrecha y sostenida
«Sin evaluar» significa que no hay una puntuación registrada. La existencia de una pareja no implica reconocimiento diplomático ni relaciones establecidas.
Contexto de la relación
Panorama general
Panama and the United States have a substantial relationship shaped by the Panama Canal, trade, and security cooperation. The 1977 canal treaties established a framework for transferring control to Panama, completed in 1999. The United States invaded Panama in 1989, a major rupture in the relationship. A bilateral trade promotion agreement entered into force in 2012, reinforcing economic ties.
Áreas de tensión
- The 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama and its continuing significance for sovereignty and bilateral relations.
Acontecimientos clave
Panama and the United States signed the treaties providing for the eventual transfer of canal control to Panama.
The United States invaded Panama.
The Panama Canal was transferred to Panamanian control under the canal treaties.
The U.S.–Panama Trade Promotion Agreement entered into force.
Principales incertidumbres
- The scope and implementation of current bilateral security and migration cooperation are unclear.
- The continuing effects of historical disputes over U.S. intervention and canal sovereignty on bilateral policy are difficult to gauge.