Relationship dossier
Belgium
Kazakhstan
Relationship assessment
Economic and institutional cooperation, including investment protections and the EU-Kazakhstan partnership framework.
Belgium toward Kazakhstan
+20Belgium, as a member of the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, participates in an investment-protection agreement with Kazakhstan. Belgium also participates in the EU framework for enhanced partnership and cooperation with Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan toward Belgium
+20Kazakhstan is party to the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union investment-protection agreement and participates in the EU-Kazakhstan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, providing frameworks for economic and institutional engagement with Belgium.
Overall relationship
+20The relationship has a cooperative institutional and economic foundation through investment protections and the EU-Kazakhstan partnership framework. The extent of additional direct bilateral cooperation is unclear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Belgium and Kazakhstan have a cooperative framework that includes a Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union investment-protection agreement with Kazakhstan and the EU-Kazakhstan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. These arrangements support economic and institutional cooperation, though the scope of direct bilateral government activity is less clear.
Key developments
Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union and Kazakhstan concluded an investment-protection agreement.
The EU-Kazakhstan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement entered into force, providing a broad framework for cooperation involving Belgium as an EU member state.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and practical implementation of the Belgium-Luxembourg investment agreement with Kazakhstan are unclear.
- The extent of direct Belgian-Kazakh government cooperation beyond multilateral and economic frameworks is unclear.