Relationship dossier
Liechtenstein
Spain
Relationship assessment
Modest cooperation, including a tax information exchange agreement
Liechtenstein toward Spain
+15Liechtenstein concluded a bilateral tax information exchange agreement with Spain in 2010, providing a concrete framework for cooperation on tax matters.
Spain toward Liechtenstein
+15Spain concluded a bilateral tax information exchange agreement with Liechtenstein in 2010, providing a concrete framework for cooperation on tax matters.
Overall relationship
+20The relationship includes a bilateral tax information exchange framework and participation in the shared Schengen system. These arrangements indicate practical cooperation, but the known bilateral structure does not establish a close or extensive partnership.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Liechtenstein and Spain have a modest cooperative relationship, including a bilateral agreement on tax information exchange concluded in 2010. Both countries also participate in the Schengen framework, though this is a multilateral arrangement rather than a distinct bilateral partnership. The known cooperation supports a positive assessment, but its breadth and subsequent implementation are unclear.
Key developments
Liechtenstein and Spain concluded a bilateral tax information exchange agreement.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and practical use of tax information exchange between the governments are unclear.
- The breadth of other direct bilateral cooperation is unclear.