Relationship dossier
Panama
Spain
Relationship assessment
Panama and Spain have cooperative economic and development ties supported by bilateral agreements.
Panama toward Spain
+35Panama participates in bilateral economic cooperation with Spain through arrangements including an investment-protection agreement and a tax treaty. These provide a formal basis for cooperation on investment and taxation.
Spain toward Panama
+35Spain has supported bilateral economic cooperation with Panama through investment-protection and tax arrangements, and has engaged in development cooperation in Panama.
Overall relationship
+40The relationship is underpinned by bilateral economic and legal arrangements and Spanish development cooperation in Panama. These provide a durable basis for engagement, though the breadth and continuing implementation of particular programs are unclear.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Panama and Spain maintain a cooperative relationship supported by bilateral economic and legal arrangements, including an investment-protection agreement and a tax treaty. Spanish development cooperation in Panama is another area of engagement. These ties indicate substantive cooperation, although the scale and continuity of specific government programs are not fully clear.
Key developments
Panama and Spain concluded an agreement for the reciprocal protection of investments.
Panama and Spain signed a bilateral tax treaty.
Spain has conducted development cooperation in Panama.
Major uncertainties
- The current scope and implementation of bilateral investment and tax arrangements are unclear.
- The scale and continuity of Spanish development cooperation in Panama are uncertain.