Relationship dossier
Peru
Venezuela
Relationship assessment
Migration cooperation amid sharp political disputes and a rupture in diplomatic relations
Peru toward Venezuela
-35Peru provided temporary residence arrangements for Venezuelan migrants and joined regional initiatives critical of Nicolás Maduro’s government. In 2024, Peru recognized opposition leader Edmundo González as president-elect, a position that prompted Venezuela to break diplomatic relations.
Venezuela toward Peru
-40Venezuela’s government responded to Peru’s position on the 2024 presidential election by withdrawing diplomatic personnel and breaking diplomatic relations. The available bilateral conduct also includes engagement with Peru on the situation of Venezuelan migrants, but its scope is unclear.
Overall relationship
-35The relationship combines practical engagement over Venezuelan migration with significant political confrontation. Peru’s support for opposition claims about Venezuela’s 2024 election and Venezuela’s subsequent rupture of diplomatic relations represent a major deterioration, while migration arrangements remain a concrete area of bilateral engagement.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Peru and Venezuela have had practical engagement around Venezuelan migration, including Peru’s provision of temporary residence arrangements, alongside sustained political friction. Peru joined regional efforts to challenge Nicolás Maduro’s government and later recognized opposition leader Edmundo González as president-elect after Venezuela’s 2024 election. Venezuela responded to Peru’s election stance by withdrawing diplomatic personnel and breaking diplomatic relations. These disputes have weighed heavily on bilateral ties.
Areas of tension
- Peru’s rejection of Nicolás Maduro’s claim to victory in Venezuela’s 2024 presidential election
- Peru’s recognition of opposition leader Edmundo González as president-elect
- Venezuela’s withdrawal of diplomatic personnel and rupture of relations with Peru
Key developments
Peru recognized opposition leader Edmundo González as president-elect following Venezuela’s presidential election; Venezuela responded by breaking diplomatic relations.
Peru provided temporary residence arrangements for Venezuelan migrants.
Peru joined the Lima Group, a regional initiative critical of Nicolás Maduro’s government.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and implementation of Peru’s migration arrangements for Venezuelan nationals have changed over time.
- The extent of direct government cooperation outside migration and diplomatic engagement is unclear.