İlişki bilgi dosyası
Almanya
Kazakistan
İlişki değerlendirmesi
Kayıtlı açıklamalar şu anda İngilizce olarak sunulmaktadır.
A sustained economic and political partnership, with sanctions-related concerns over trade with Russia.
Almanya → Kazakistan
+40Germany has pursued economic, energy and raw-materials cooperation with Kazakhstan, including through the bilateral strategic partnership and the 2012 raw materials partnership. German engagement has also included efforts to use Kazakh oil supplies. German and EU concerns about possible sanctions evasion through Kazakhstan create friction.
Kazakistan → Almanya
+40Kazakhstan has engaged Germany through the strategic partnership and raw-materials cooperation, and has supplied oil used by German refineries. Kazakhstan has also worked with German businesses and pursued closer economic ties. German concerns about goods passing through Kazakhstan to Russia remain a point of contention.
Genel ilişki
+40The relationship rests on sustained political and economic cooperation, notably the strategic partnership, raw-materials collaboration and energy links. Trade and investment interests reinforce engagement, while concerns about sanctions evasion through Kazakhstan are a recurring source of friction. These features support a substantially cooperative but not untroubled relationship.
Bu puanlar nasıl okunur?
Puanlar yaklaşık değerlendirmelerdir; nesnel ölçüm veya güncel doğrulama değildir. Yönlü puanlar kamuoyunu değil, hükûmet politikalarını ve davranışlarını tanımlar. Genel puan bağımsız bir tahmindir, ortalama değildir.
- −100
- Aşırı ve sürekli düşmanlık
- −50
- Büyük ölçüde karşıt
- 0
- Bilgiye dayalı karma veya tarafsız
- +50
- Büyük ölçüde işbirlikçi
- +100
- Olağanüstü yakın ve sürekli ortaklık
“Değerlendirilmemiş”, kayıtlı puan olmadığı anlamına gelir. Bir çiftin bulunması, diplomatik tanınma veya yerleşik ilişkiler hakkında bir iddia değildir.
İlişkinin bağlamı
Genel bakış
Germany and Kazakhstan have developed a sustained partnership spanning trade, energy, raw materials and political dialogue. A strategic partnership and cooperation on raw materials provide a framework for ties, while Germany has pursued energy and economic links with Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has engaged with German initiatives and businesses, including as Germany sought alternatives for oil supplies. A recurring concern is the risk that goods routed through Kazakhstan could help Russia evade German and EU sanctions.
Gerilim alanları
- German and EU concerns that goods routed through Kazakhstan could help Russia evade sanctions.
Önemli gelişmeler
Germany and Kazakhstan established a strategic partnership.
The countries concluded a partnership on raw materials, industry and technology.
Kazakh oil began reaching German refineries through the Druzhba pipeline, creating an additional energy link.
Germany hosted a meeting with leaders of Central Asian states, including Kazakhstan, to deepen political and economic cooperation.
Başlıca belirsizlikler
- The current scope and implementation of bilateral cooperation on raw materials and energy are unclear.
- The extent of Kazakhstan's controls on goods that could be re-exported to Russia is uncertain.