Relationship dossier
Iran
Venezuela
Relationship assessment
A close partnership centered on political alignment and energy cooperation
Iran toward Venezuela
+65Iran has supplied fuel to Venezuela and provided assistance to its oil-refining sector, including equipment and technical support. The two governments have also pursued reciprocal energy arrangements and a long-term cooperation agreement.
Venezuela toward Iran
+60Venezuela has pursued bilateral energy arrangements with Iran, including exchanges involving crude oil and refined products, and has maintained political cooperation with the Iranian government. The countries signed a long-term cooperation agreement in 2022.
Overall relationship
+65The relationship rests on sustained political alignment and concrete cooperation in energy, including Iranian fuel supplies and support for Venezuela's refining sector, reciprocal energy arrangements, and a long-term cooperation agreement. Their shared opposition to U.S. sanctions has reinforced the partnership.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Iran and Venezuela have developed a close partnership characterized by political alignment and practical cooperation, particularly in energy. Iran has supplied fuel and provided assistance to Venezuela's oil sector, while the governments have expanded cooperation through bilateral agreements and reciprocal energy arrangements. The partnership has been shaped in part by both governments' opposition to U.S. sanctions and pressure.
Key developments
Iran sent fuel to Venezuela during a period of acute fuel shortages and provided assistance to the country's oil-refining sector.
Iran and Venezuela signed a 20-year cooperation agreement covering areas including energy and other sectors.
Major uncertainties
- The implementation and current scope of the long-term bilateral cooperation agreement are unclear.
- The scale and continuity of energy cooperation and technical assistance are uncertain.