Relationship dossier
Turkey
Venezuela
Relationship assessment
Close political ties, high-level engagement and sectoral cooperation
Turkey toward Venezuela
+60Turkey has maintained high-level engagement with Venezuela and supported President Nicolás Maduro's government during periods of political pressure, including rejecting efforts to remove him outside constitutional processes. Turkish-Venezuelan agreements and cooperation in areas such as trade, energy and mining have also supported bilateral ties.
Venezuela toward Turkey
+55Venezuela has pursued high-level engagement with Turkey and entered bilateral cooperation agreements, including during President Nicolás Maduro's visits. The Venezuelan government has publicly expressed support for Turkey's constitutional order during political crises, reinforcing close political ties.
Overall relationship
+55The relationship is characterized by sustained political alignment and repeated high-level engagement, supplemented by bilateral agreements and cooperation in trade and selected economic sectors. These features make ties substantially cooperative, although the extent and implementation of sectoral cooperation are uncertain.
How to read these scores
Scores are rough judgments, not objective measurements or current verification. Directional scores describe government policy and conduct, not public opinion. The overall score is an independent estimate, never an average.
- −100
- Extreme sustained hostility
- −50
- Substantially adversarial
- 0
- Mixed or neutral, supported by knowledge
- +50
- Substantially cooperative
- +100
- Exceptionally close sustained partnership
“Not assessed” means there is no recorded score. Pair existence makes no claim about diplomatic recognition or established relations.
Relationship context
Overview
Turkey and Venezuela have cultivated a close political relationship, with high-level visits, bilateral cooperation agreements and public support during periods of political pressure. Trade and cooperation in areas including energy and mining have also featured in ties. The relationship is notably friendly, though the breadth and implementation of cooperation across sectors are less clear.
Key developments
President Nicolás Maduro visited Turkey and the governments announced bilateral cooperation agreements.
Turkey publicly supported Venezuela's constitutional order amid efforts to remove Maduro from power.
The countries developed cooperation in trade and sectors including energy and mining.
Major uncertainties
- The scope and implementation of bilateral cooperation agreements are unclear.
- The scale and durability of cooperation in energy, mining and trade are uncertain.